As we age, our body goes through many changes, and one area that can be significantly affected is the spine. One common condition that many people experience as they grow older is degenerative disc disease. Despite its name, this isn’t technically a disease but rather a condition where damaged spinal discs cause pain and discomfort. While nearly everyone will show some signs of wear in their spinal discs over time, not everyone will experience pain or other symptoms related to degenerative changes.

What Are Spinal Discs?

To understand degenerative disc disease, it’s important to first know what spinal discs do. Spinal discs are the shock absorbers between the bones of the spine (vertebrae). They help the back stay flexible while also protecting the spine from the forces we place on it during daily activities.

Each disc has two parts:

• Anulus Fibrosus: This is the tough outer layer that provides structure and strength. It also contains nerves, so if the disc tears in this area, it can cause severe pain.
• Nucleus Pulposus: The soft, jelly-like core of the disc. This part is made of proteins that can irritate surrounding tissues if they leak out. If these proteins come into contact with the nerves in the outer layer of the disc, they can cause significant discomfort.

Because spinal discs have very low blood supply, they do not heal well on their own. Once a disc is injured, it can begin a process of degeneration that may continue for decades. This degeneration typically happens in three stages:

• Acute Pain: In the initial stage, the disc becomes damaged, causing sharp pain and limited movement. Normal activities, like bending or twisting, become difficult due to pain and stiffness.
• Instability: As the disc continues to deteriorate, the vertebrae at the injured site can become unstable. This may lead to chronic, intermittent back pain that flares up occasionally but doesn’t stay constant.
• Restabilization: In the final stage, the body compensates by stabilizing the affected area. While some discomfort may still occur, back pain generally becomes less frequent and less severe.

Treatment for Degenerative Conditions

While degenerative disc disease can be a challenging condition, there are effective treatment options available. For many people, conservative treatments like physical therapy, medications, and lifestyle changes can help manage symptoms and improve mobility. In cases where pain is severe and persistent, more advanced treatments like epidural injections or even surgery may be considered.

Suppose you’re experiencing back pain and suspect a degenerative condition. In that case, Dr. Manojkumar Gaddikeri, a skilled orthopaedic spine surgeon, can guide you through personalized treatment options to help you feel better and maintain your quality of life.